By: Engr. Ahmed Malik (Advisor to Cisco ASC/ITC & Director Tech Awareness) Networks are frequent targets. A threat actor who gains administrative access to a corporate network infrastructure can: Steal data Delete data Disrupt network availability To achieve their objectives, attackers commonly use the following three categories of network attacks: Reconnaissance Attacks Access Attacks…
What Is a “Hacker”? Originally, a hacker was a skilled computer expert who devised clever solutions (“hacks”). Over time, the term evolved to commonly mean a threat actor. Today we distinguish between: White Hat Hackers (Ethical) Use skills legally and ethically (e.g., penetration testing). Report vulnerabilities to developers so they can be fixed. Gray Hat…
OSPF is a popular multivendor, open-standard, classless link-state routing protocol. OSPFv2 is used for IPv4 networks, while OSPFv3 is used for IPv6 networks. In addition, OSPFv3 with address families supports both IPv4 and IPv6. OSPF is a link-state routing protocol that was developed as an alternative for the distance vector protocol Routing Information Protocol (RIP)….
Switches interconnect devices. Unlike a router, which must be initially configured to be operational in a network, switches can be deployed out of the box without initially being configured. However, for management and security reasons, switches should always be manually configured to better meet the needs of the network. Here you will learn how to…
Computer ports are essential interfaces that allow computers to connect with other devices and networks, enabling communication and data transfer. These can be broadly categorized as physical (hardware) and virtual (software) ports. Physical (Hardware) Ports: These are the physical sockets on a computer where you plug in cables to connect external devices. They vary in…
Seven Stages of a Cyberattack! There are seven stages of a cyberattack! 1- Hackers identify their target: Hackers only need a single point of entry to a company. Anyone including you can be the initial target. 2- Weaponizing information: The hackers use all the info they’ve gathered to create a believable phishing email…